In these cases, peacekeepers remain members of their respective armed forces, and do not constitute an independent "UN army," as the UN does not have such a force. Most of these operations are established and implemented by the United Nations itself, with troops serving under UN operational control.
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For this reason, the international community usually looks to the Security Council to authorize peacekeeping operations through Chapter VII authorizations. The United Nations Charter gives the United Nations Security Council the power and responsibility to take collective action to maintain international peace and security. Accordingly, UN peacekeepers (often referred to as Blue Berets or Blue Helmets because of their light blue berets or helmets) can include soldiers, police officers, and civilian personnel. Such assistance comes in many forms, including confidence-building measures, power-sharing arrangements, electoral support, strengthening the rule of law, and economic and social development.
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Peacekeepers monitor and observe peace processes in post-conflict areas and assist ex-combatants in implementing the peace agreements they may have signed. It is distinguished from peacebuilding, peacemaking, and peace enforcement although the United Nations does acknowledge that all activities are "mutually reinforcing" and that overlap between them is frequent in practice. Peacekeeping by the United Nations is a role held by the Department of Peace Operations as "a unique and dynamic instrument developed by the organization as a way to help countries torn by conflict to create the conditions for lasting peace". United Nations Economic and Social Council Under-Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations Monitoring and observation of peace processes in post-conflict areas United Nations Peacekeeping